Introduction:
welcome to this comprehensive collection of top 100 sql questions, designed for beginners, intermediate, and advanced learners. whether you are preparing for an interview or just want to sharpen your sql skills, these questions cover all essential concepts — from basic queries and joins to complex subqueries, window functions, and performance optimization. practice these questions regularly to build a solid foundation in sql.
1.What is Relational Database Management System (RDMBS)?
2.What is Structured Query Language?
3.What is a Database?
4.What is primary key?
5.What is a unique key?
6.What is a foreign key?
7.Explain the difference between spreadsheets and databases.
8.What are table and fields?
9.Explain the various SQL languages.
10. What is normalization?
11. What is denormalization?
12. Explain the different types of normalization.
13. What are views in SQL?
14. What is join? Explain the different types.
15. What are the different types of indexes?
16. What is a cursor in SQL?
17. What is query?
18. What is a subquery?
19. What is a trigger?
20. Differentiate between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands.
21. What are local and global variables?
22. What are constraints?
23. What is data integrity?
24. What is auto increment?
25. What is a data warehouse?
26. What is the difference between DROP and TRUNCATE statements?
27. What are aggregate and scalar functions?
28. What is alias in SQL?
29. What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP?
30. What is collation? What are the various types of collation sensitivity?
31. How can we create tables in SQL?
32. How can we insert data in SQL?
33. How can we change a table name in SQL?
34. What is SQL server?
35. What is ETL in SQL?
36. What are nested queries?
37. What is the difference between CHAR and
VARCHAR2 data types in SQL server?
38. What is difference between SQL and PL/SQL?
39. What is the difference between SQL and MySQL?
40. What is cross join?
41. What are user defined functions?
42. What is a CLAUSE?
43. What is recursive stored procedure?
44. Explain UNION, MINUS and INTERACT commands?
45. What TCP/IP port does SQL Server run?
46. Which operator is used in query for pattern?
47. How can we select unique records from a Table?
48. List and explain each of the ACID properties that collectively guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably.
49. What is the main difference in the BETWEEN and IN condition operators?
50. What are SQL functions used for?
51. What is the need for MERGE statement?
52. List the ways in which dynamic SQL can be executed.
53. List some case manipulation functions in SQL.
54. Is semicolon used after sql? Justify why or why not.
55. What is candidate key?
56. What is the difference between JOIN and UNION?
57. What is the difference between order and group by?
58. Write an SQL query to fetch employee names having a salary greater than or equal to 20000 and less than or equal to 10000.
59. What is SQL injection? When does SQL injection occur?
60. What is ENUM?
61. What is the difference between the ATAN and ATAN2 function?
62. What is the difference between the CEIL, FLOOR and ROUND functions?
63. What is the RAND() function?
64. What is the difference between LOCALTIMESTAMP and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP?
65. Name three functions that specify current date and time.
66. Which function returns the difference between two periods? What would the format of the output be?
67. How can we fetch common records from two tables?
68. How can we fetch alternate records from a table?
69. How can we select unique records from a table?
70. What is the command used to fetch the first 5 characters of the string?
71. How to use LIKE in SQL?
72. How can we copy a table in SQL?
73. If we drop a table, does it also drop related objects?
74. What is Live Lock?
75. Can you join a table by itself?
76. Explain Equi join with an example.
77. Explain non-Equi join with an example.
78. State the difference between NVL and NVL2 functions.
79. What does this query achieve?GRANTprivilege_name ON object_name TO
{user_name|PUBLIC|role_name} [WITH GRANT
OPTION]; ?
80. Where is MyISAM table stored?
81. What does myisamchk do?
82. How can we store videos inside SQL server table?
83. Write an SQL query to show the second highest salary from a table.
84. How would you select all the users whose phone number is NULL?
85. Write an SQL query to fetch three max salaries from a table.
86. Write an SQL query to create a new table with data and structure copied from another table.
87. What are the differences between the HAVING clause, and the WHERE clause?
88. What does a BCP command do?
89. Can a view be active if the base table is dropped?
90. When should we use NoSQL and SQL?
91. What is SYSTEM privilege?
92. What are object privileges?
93. Does the data stored in the stored procedure increase access time or execution time? Explain.
94. What is CTE?
95. Does view contain data?
96. Define a temp table.
97. What is the difference between the RANK() and DENSE_RANK() function?
98. What is referential integrity?
99. What does query optimization imply?
100. What are nested triggers?
conclusion:
congratulations on exploring this extensive list of sql questions! consistent practice with these questions will help you gain confidence and master sql concepts effectively. keep challenging yourself and apply these skills in real-world scenarios. good luck with your sql journey!
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